カリフォルニア州レッドランズでの XNUMX 代のリハビリ

レッドランズ ( RED-ləndz) は、アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニア州サンバーナーディーノ郡の都市です。 2020 年の国勢調査の時点で、市の人口は 73,168 人で、68,747 年の国勢調査の 2010 人から増加しています。 この都市は、パーム スプリングスの西約 45 マイル (72 km)、ロサンゼルスの東 63 マイル (101 km) に位置しています。

The area now occupied by Redlands was originally part of the territory of the Morongo and Aguas Calientes tribes of Cahuilla people. Explorations such as those of Pedro Fages and Francisco Garcés sought to extend Catholic influence to the indigenous people and the dominion of the Spanish crown into the area in the 1770s. The Tongva village of Kaawchama, located just to the west of present-day Redlands, was visited by Fr. Francisco Dumetz in 1810, and was the reason the site was chosen for a mission outpost. Dumetz reached the village on May 20, the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, and thus named the region the San Bernardino Valley. The Franciscan friars from Mission San Gabriel established the San Bernardino Asistencia in 1819 and embarked on the usual program of training the native tribes to raise crops and encouraging permanent settlements. By 1820, a ditch, known as a 溝, was dug by native slave labor for the friars from Mill Creek to the Asistencia. In 1822, word of the Mexican triumph in the War of Independence reached the inland area, and lands previously claimed by Spain passed to the custody of the Mexican government.

In 1842, the Lugo family bought the Rancho San Bernardino Mexican land grant and this became the first fixed settler civilization in the area. The area northwest of current Redlands, astride the Santa Ana River, would become known as Lugonia. In 1851, the area received its first Anglo inhabitants in the form of several hundred Mormon pioneers, who purchased the entire Rancho San Bernardino, founded nearby San Bernardino, and established a prosperous farming community watered by the many lakes and streams of the San Bernardino Mountains. The Mormon community left wholesale in 1857, recalled to Utah by Brigham Young during the tensions with the federal government that ultimately led to the brief Utah War. Benjamin Barton purchased 1,000 acres (4 km) from the Latter-Day Saints and planted extensive vineyards and built a winery.

“The first settler on the site of the present Redlands is recorded to have erected a hut at the corner of what is now Cajon St. and Cypress Ave.; he was a sheep herder, and the year, 1865,” reported Ira L. Swett in “Tractions of the Orange Empire.” Lugonia attracted settlers including, Barry Roberts in 1869, followed a year later by the Craw and Glover families. “The first school teacher in Lugonia, George W. Beattie, arrived in 1874—shortly followed by the town’s first negro settler, Israel Beal.”

In the 1880s, the arrival of the Southern Pacific and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads, connecting Southern California to San Francisco and Salt Lake triggered a land boom, with speculators such as John W. North flooding the area now known as the Inland Empire. North and others saw the area, with its hot, dry climate and ready access to water as an ideal center for citrus production. The city of Redlands was soon established by Frank E. Brown, a civil engineer, and E. G. Judson, a New York stock broker, to provide a center (along with North’s nearby settlement at Riverside) for the burgeoning citrus industry. They named their city “Redlands” after the color of the adobe soil. So large had the area grown by 1888 that it was decided to incorporate. “A red-letter day in the Annals of Redlands,” pronounced Scipio Craig, editor of The Citrograph newspaper, of the November 26 incorporation. The original community of Lugonia was absorbed at this time. The newspaper was first published in July 1887 by The Citrograph Printing Company, which remains in 2017 as both Redlands’ oldest business and the longest-operating printing company in California. E. G. Judson served as the first mayor of Redlands.

The Redlands Street Railway Company was incorporated on March 22, 1888, acquiring on June 5 a franchise from the San Bernardino County Supervisors dating to December 1887, conveying the right to construct, operate and maintain for a term of 50 years a line of street railways in Redlands, Terracina and vicinity. The initial operations began in June 1889 with a single-track line operating two-mule-team cars, the first street railway company of several to provide service to the community. Electrification and new rails replaced mules in 1899, with electrical operation beginning in December. Most Redlands street railways would pass to the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company in a consolidation on June 3, 1903, and thence to the Pacific Electric in the “Great Merger” of Huntington properties under new ownership by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company on February 8, 1911. Henry E. Huntington, nephew of late Southern Pacific president Collis P. Huntington, had gained control of the four-mile-long (6.4 km) streetcar line of the Redlands Central Railway Company in 1908.

The Pacific Electric Railway (PE) completed an interurban connection between Los Angeles and San Bernardino in 1914, providing a convenient, speedy connection to the fast-growing city of Los Angeles and its new port at San Pedro, bringing greater prosperity to the town and a new role as a vacation destination for wealthy Angelenos. Redlands was the eastern terminus of the “Big Red Car” system. At its peak, PE operated five local routes in Redlands, with streetcars running to Smiley Heights and on Orange, Olive, and Citrus Avenues. Pacific Electric’s interurban service to Redlands was abandoned on July 20, 1936, with 2.07 miles (3.33 km) of track into the city lifted, although PE and Southern Pacific (parent company of PE) provided freight service as far as the Sunkist packing plant at Redlands Heights on San Bernardino Avenue into at least the 1970s. The Smiley Heights line was abandoned at this time, as well. Bus service operated by the Motor Transit Company, a subsidiary of Pacific Electric, began on July 20. This also affected mail delivery in Redlands as “Approximately 80 percent of our mail from all directions arrives on the 5 a.m. electric car,” explained Postmaster James B. Stone. “This dispatch is sorted and morning deliveries started by 8:30 a.m. on most routes. The post office department has temporarily arranged for this mail to be brought in by the Santa Fe train at 6:05 a.m. As this arrival is an hour later, our service will be one hour later.” The abandoned Pacific Electric La Quinta trestle over the Santa Ana River stood immediately south of San Bernardino International Airport into the 2010s but was removed when an Amazon facility was built adjacent to the site.

“History was made in the electrical industry July 27, 1892, when a franchise was granted to the Electric Light & Power Co., which was incorporated Oct. 6 and began building a powerhouse in Mill Creek canyon. Thus the groundwork was laid for the world’s first (three)-phase transmission line, which brought electricity to Redlands and later became a unit in the Southern California Edison Co.” The 250 kilowatt AC Mill Creek No. 1 Hydroelectric Plant was designed by Almirian Decker. Electric arc lamps were first illuminated over Redlands streets on August 5, 1893. George B. Ellis, one of seven men who spearheaded the undertaking, is largely credited with originating the plan.

“The first line was extended from the Mill Creek powerhouse to East Citrus avenue, thence to Redlands and to Mr. Ellis’ Terracina hotel. By September the company was advertising power for sale to the public. The firm boasted of ability to supply current enough for 55 arc lamps, and 1,500 homes.” Engineer O. H. Ensign was “largely responsible for the success of the undertaking.” When gas lighting became available in Redlands in 1900, many homes already had electricity.

“The same group of men in 1894 organized the Southern California Power Co. Later it was merged with the Edison Electric Co., of Los Angeles, a forerunner of the Southern California Edison Co.”

In the spring of 1882, Mr. E. J. Waite of Wisconsin planted the first orange grove in the city. For almost 75 years, the city was the center of the largest navel orange-producing region in the world. By the late 1930s, Redlands was a fruit-packing center surrounded by more than 15,000 acres (61 km²) of citrus groves. The city produced more than 4,200 railcars of navel oranges and 1,300 cars of Valencia oranges during the 1937–38 growing season. During the 1930s and 1940s, labor activists campaigned in the canneries and packing houses for union representation and higher wages. The United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA) won 13 National Labor Relations Board representation elections in the Riverside-Redlands area in 1943. In 1945, the first annual Orange Queen Ball at the Redlands City Auditorium was held to raise funds for the union.

The citrus industry declined in the area as more agricultural areas were replaced by subdivisions, and all three citrus packing houses (two in downtown and one on San Bernardino Avenue) had closed by the end of the 1900s. Today only one packing house remains to serve the needs of approximately the 2,500 acres (10 km) of citrus that remains in production in the area.

At the turn of the 20th century, Redlands was the “Palm Springs” of the next century, with roses being planted along many city thoroughfares. Some of these plantings would survive as wild thickets into the 1970s, especially adjacent to orange groves where property management was lax. Washingtonia palms (ワシントン州ロバスタ) were planted along many main avenues. So beautifully kept was the area, with the dramatic mountain backdrops, that for several years the Santa Fe Railroad operated excursion trains along the loop that passed through the orange groves of Redlands and Mentone, across the Santa Ana River, and back into San Bernardino via East Highlands, Highlands and Patton, and advertised as the “Kite Route” due to its multi-sided alignment. The trestle over “the Wash” north of Mentone was carried away during a flood in March 1938 and never replaced, the line being truncated there. The Southern Pacific branch line from the San Timoteo Canyon to Crafton was abandoned after the downtown packing house business died. A thru-truss bridge over the 溝 (locally pronounced “san-kee”) exists today, abandoned in place. Burlington Northern Santa Fe, result of the AT&SF-Burlington Northern merger, applied to abandon its San Bernardino-connected branch line east of downtown Redlands in 2007, the last shippers at Crafton and Mentone having ceased operations. A move was made by transit activists beginning in the 1990s to have this branch revitalized as part of the Southern California transit districts, but it came to nothing for many years. In 2019, (re)construction began on the branch from San Bernardino to end-of-track on the eastern side of town adjacent to the campus of the University of Redlands. When complete, the line will feature 5 stations with mostly local service to and from the San Bernardino Transit Center.

The city has been visited by three U.S. Presidents: William McKinley was the first in 1901, followed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1903 and William Howard Taft in 1909. Local landmarks include the A.K. Smiley Public Library, a Moorish-style library built in 1898, and the Redlands Bowl, built in 1930 and home of the oldest continuously free outdoor concert series in the United States. Located behind the Smiley Library is the Lincoln Shrine, the only memorial honoring the “Great Emancipator”, the sixteenth president Abraham Lincoln, west of the Mississippi River. Famous homes include “America’s Favorite Victorian,” the Morey Mansion, on Terracina Boulevard, and the Kimberly Crest House and Gardens, a home museum featured on the PBS series “America’s Castles.” Named after the family that purchased the house, the owners of Kimberly-Clark (makers of paper goods and Kleenex), it is a beautiful mansion set high on a hill overlooking the whole valley. Redlands is still regarded as the “Jewel of the Inland Empire.”

In the mid-late 20th Century, Redlands was home to various light manufacturing firms, and became a bedroom community for the military personnel and contractor employees of the aerospace industry that supported missions at Norton Air Force Base, as well as the Lockheed Propulsion Company plant in Mentone. In 1989, Norton Air Force Base was placed on the Department of Defense closure list. Norton Air Force Base closed in 1994-1995 and the population dropped in the area, with a mild local economic recession occurring due to the closure in the area. The former Air Force Base is now the home of the San Bernardino International Airport and a variety of other business concerns also utilize the space.^{[循環参照]}

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94 km). 36.1 square miles (93 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) of it (0.83%) is water.

The climate in this area is described by the Köppen Climate Classification System as “dry-summer subtropical” often referred to as “Mediterranean” and abbreviated as Csa.

The data below were compiled from 1898 through 2015, accessed via the Western Regional Climate Center.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Redlands had a population of 68,747. The population density was 1,887.3 inhabitants per square mile (728.7/km²). The racial makeup of Redlands was 47,452 (69.0%) White (54.0% Non-Hispanic White), 3,564 (5.2%) African American, 625 (0.9%) Native American, 5,216 (7.6%) Asian, 235 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 8,266 (12.0%) from other races, and 3,389 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20,810 persons (30.3%).

国勢調査の報告によると、66,379 人 (人口の 96.6%) が世帯に住んでおり、1,856 人 (2.7%) が施設に収容されていないグループの宿舎に住んでおり、512 人 (0.7%) が施設に収容されていました。

24,764世帯のうち8,598世帯(34.7%)に18歳未満の子供が同居、12,374世帯(50.0%)が異性の夫婦同居、3,397世帯(13.7%)に夫のいない女性世帯主がいる現在、1,291人（5.2％）には妻がいない男性の家主がいました。 1,255 (5.1%) の未婚の異性のパートナーシップ、および 164 (0.7%) の同性カップルまたはパートナーシップがありました。 6,083 世帯 (24.6%) が個人で構成されており、2,198 世帯 (8.9%) に 65 歳以上の一人暮らしの人がいます。 平均世帯人数は 2.68 人でした。 17,062 家族 (全世帯の 68.9%) がありました。 家族の平均サイズは 3.21 でした。

人口は 16,273 歳未満が 23.7 人 (18%)、8,185 ～ 11.9 歳が 18 人 (24%)、17,381 ～ 25.3 歳が 25 人 (44%)、17,930 ～ 26.1 人、45 人 (64%) が 8,978 歳以上でした。 年齢の中央値は 13.1 歳でした。 女性 65 人に対して、男性は 36.2 人でした。 100 歳以上の女性 90.9 人に対して、男性は 100 人でした。

26,634 平方マイルあたり 731.2 (282.3/km) の平均密度で 15,061 の住宅ユニットがあり、そのうち 60.8 (9,703%) が持ち家で、39.2 (2.2%) が賃借人で占められていました。 住宅所有者の空室率は 7.9% でした。 賃貸空室率は41,102％。 59.8 人 (人口の 25,277%) が持ち家に住んでおり、36.8 人 (XNUMX%) が賃貸住宅に住んでいます。

During 2009–2013, Redlands had a median household income of $66,835, with 12.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000 年の国勢調査の時点で、市内には 63,591 人、23,593 世帯、16,019 家族が居住しています。 人口密度は、1,793.1 平方マイルあたり 692.2 人 (XNUMX/km) でした。²）。 24,790 平方マイルあたり 699.0 (269.9/km) の平均密度で 73.7 の住宅ユニットがありました。 市の人種構成は、白人が 4.3%、アフリカ系アメリカ人が 0.9%、ネイティブ アメリカンが 5.1%、アジア人が 0.2%、太平洋諸島系が 11.3%、その他の人種が 4.4%、24.1 つ以上の人種が XNUMX% でした。 あらゆる人種のヒスパニック系またはラテン系が人口の XNUMX% でした。

世帯数は 23,593 世帯で、うち 33.5% が 18 歳未満の子供と同居、50.6% が同居の夫婦、13.0% が夫のいない女性の世帯主、32.1% が非家族世帯でした。 全世帯の 26.0% が個人で構成されており、9.2% に 65 歳以上の一人暮らしの人がいます。 平均世帯人数は 2.6 人で、平均家族人数は 3.2 人でした。

市の人口は分散しており、26.2 歳未満が 18%、10.7 歳から 18 歳が 24%、27.9 歳から 25 歳が 44%、22.7 歳から 45 歳が 64%、12.6 歳以上が 65% でした。古い。 年齢の中央値は 35 歳でした。 女性 100 人に対して男性は 89.4 人でした。 100 歳以上の女性 18 人に対して、男性は 85.4 人でした。

The median income for a household in the city was $58,155, and the median income for a family was $76,254. Males had a median income of $64,408 versus $52,122 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,237. About 2.7% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

The 2008 population estimated by the California Department of Finance was 71,807.

市の 2021 年総合財務報告書によると、市のトップの雇用主は次のとおりです。

The city of Redlands owns and operates 24 public parks totaling more than 143 acres (0.58 km):

The Redlands Conservancy has established 10 city-approved trails:

The Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, established in 1886 as a private cemetery, was acquired by the city in 1918. Notable burials include actress Gloria Holden, television journalist Robert Pierpoint, author Charles Nordhoff. and merchant and diplomat, Henry L. Atherton.

Redlands is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla.

In the United States House of Representatives, Redlands is split between California’s 8th congressional district, represented by Democrat John Garamendi, and California’s 31st congressional district, represented by Democrat Grace Napolitano.

In the California State Legislature, Redlands is in the 23rd Senate District, represented by Republican Rosilicie Ochoa Bogh, and in the 40th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Pilar Schiavo.

Redlands is a general law city that uses the council–manager form of government. All five members of the city council are elected at-large; however, the council has voted to switch to council districts beginning with the 2018 and 2020 elections (phased implementation). The mayor and mayor-pro-tempore are not directly elected, but are chosen by the council.

Redlands Unified School District

Gorman Learning Center (K-12 charter school)

Coming east from Los Angeles and continuing toward Palm Springs, Interstate 10 bisects Redlands. A tempestuous political battle occurred in the 1950s when three routes for the new freeway were considered, one north of town through the Lugonia district – the Lugonia-Sand Canyon route, the center route through the city, and a southern alignment through San Timoteo Canyon, parallelling the Southern Pacific railroad tracks – the San Timoteo-Live Oak Canyon route. The central route was finalized in 1957 and Redlands Mayor Charles Parker cut the ceremonial ribbon to open the new interstate on August 28, 1962.
State Route 210 (the Foothill Freeway) begins at Interstate 10 in Redlands, then heads west toward Pasadena and Los Angeles. The San Bernardino-based Omnitrans bus system which handles the bus service for the area serves Redlands.

Arrow is a commuter rail service that operates from the University of Redlands to San Bernardino with several stops in Redlands — service began on October 24, 2022. The San Bernardino line of the Greater Los Angeles regional transportation system Metrolink additionally makes one daily round trip to Redlands–Downtown station.

A variety of religions have a presence in Redlands, including a number of Christian faiths, Judaism, and Islam. There is a Redlands Area Interfaith Council. Holy Name of Jesus Catholic Church has parishioners in two locations.

Redlands has a large Mormon and Seventh-day Adventist population each, nearby is the town of Loma Linda.

The Redlands California Temple is the 116th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and one of four LDS temples in Southern California. The LDS Church also has multiple chapels in Redlands. It has the San Bernardino Mission and also another in Riverside.

Congregation Emanu El, formerly located in nearby San Bernardino, in 2013 dedicated its new building on Ford Street in Redlands. The Congregation claims to trace its history back to the 1850s.

Redlands has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International: